soror to penetrate nests by lowering the incidence of multiple-hornet attacks and substantially reducing the likelihood of them approaching and chewing on entrances. Moderate to heavy fecal spotting suppressed attempts by V. soror, which frequently landed at and chewed on entrances to breach nests, but not Vespa velutina, a smaller hornet that rarely landed at entrances. Spotting continued for days after attacks ceased and occurred in response to V. Fecal spotting increased after colonies were exposed either to naturally occurring attacks or to chemicals that scout hornets use to target colonies for mass attack. cerana workers foraged for and applied spots of animal feces around their nest entrances. We document for the first time an extraordinary collective defense used by Apis cerana against the giant hornet Vespa soror. In Asia, honey bees have evolved under tremendous predatory pressure from social wasps in the genus Vespa, the most formidable of which are the giant hornets that attack colonies in groups, kill adult defenders, and prey on brood. In the Abrams, a fourth crew member in the tank retrieves shells from a sealed compartment and transfers them to the gun for firing.Honey bees (genus Apis) are well known for the impressive suite of nest defenses they have evolved to protect their abundant stockpiles of food and the large colonies they sustain.
Other Western tanks, such as the M1 Abrams used by the US and some allied armies, are larger and have no carousel. “So if the turret gets hit and blown off, the crew is still safe below.
It purely sits on top and all the ammunition is inside that turret,” he said. “That has a turret that sits on top, and that turret does not enter the crew compartment. He pointed to the US military’s Stryker infantry fighting vehicles developed after the first war in Iraq. “(Western militaries) all learned from the Gulf War, and from seeing tanks killed during that time, that you have to compartmentalize the ammunition,” Drummond said. Western militaries, however, had been spurred into action by the T-72’s fate in Iraq. Bendett, at the Center for a New American Security, said Russia had chosen this system to save space and give the tanks a lower profile, making them harder to hit in battle. There are some benefits to such a system. Alex Chan Tsz Yuk/SOPA Images/Sipa/Reuters He said the BMD-4 was a “mobile coffin” that was “just obliterated” when hit by a rocket.Ī destroyed Russian tank sits in the village of Dmytrivka, Ukraine. He gave the example of the BMD-4 infantry fighting vehicle, typically manned by up to three crew and able to carry another five soldiers. “If you don’t get out within the first second, you’re toast.”ĭrummond said exploding munitions are causing problems for almost all of the armored vehicles Russia is using in Ukraine. The flaw means the tank’s crew – usually two men in the turret and a third driving – are sitting ducks, said Nicholas Drummond, a defense industry analyst specializing in land warfare and a former British Army officer. “Any successful hit … quickly ignites the ammo causing a massive explosion, and the turret is literally blown off.” “What we are witnessing with Russian tanks is a design flaw,” said Sam Bendett, adviser with the Russia Studies Program at CNA and an adjunct senior fellow with the Center for a New American Security. Sergei Chuzavkov/SOPA Images/LightRocket/Getty Images A man inspects destroyed tank of the Russian army about 40 kilometers west of Kyiv, the Ukraine capital.
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